What Defines Vernacular architecture?

Every building has its own story! It reflects the culture of the people that occupied the building, that time period and the resources that were accessible at that time. And surprisingly, these stories vary all around the globe!

The majority of the older buildings that we get to see now represent the identity of a particular ethnic group, their geographical location and foster a sense of community engagement. And this form of architecture, that not only addresses human needs in the simplest way but also embraces energy efficiency and sustainability, represents Vernacular Architecture. To rephrase it, Vernacular architecture is defined by the type of regional construction that uses local and traditional materials available in that area. This category of design includes a vast range of buildings worldwide. These building structures were not designed by professional architects but rather were built by skilled and local builders.

Going Back In Time

Vernacular Architecture is that category of design that includes all types of buildings from rural dwellings to religious premises. Majority of settlements that developed in pre-industrial times represent this design style. Being one of the oldest design forms, it is unique in its own sense. That is due to the fact that it originates from a group of people, who learned this specialization over time through the experiences of building construction, of their previous generations.

Factors Affecting Vernacular architecture

Vernacular style of design is said to be for the people and by the people. This is because it is strongly influenced by the communities of people that lived there. Their environment, their daily practices and their cultural values also played a vital role here. As a result, we see a variety of buildings adapting to different design styles, that lends the place its distinctive identity. Theoretically, the idea of Vernacular design remains the same all over the world, yet it is unique to each geographical region. This is because there are certain factors that affect this design style from place to place. Let us get to know them.

• CLIMATE: This aspect plays a major role in building design and construction everywhere. Depending upon the macro climate of a place, all its buildings have some common features. For instance, thick walls and small window openings are the specific characters of buildings in Cold Climates. Whereas, pitched roof is the major design criteria for the buildings in areas prone to heavy snowfall or rainfall.
• CULTURAL VALUES: The daily way of life, customs and traditions of the people that occupy a building has a great impact on the building’s form, its appearance and its usage. Consequently, these buildings have a cultural expression of being indigenous, etched into their identity.
• ACCESSIBILITY TO CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS: The surrounding environment and the availability of materials also governs major aspects of Vernacular Architecture. The lack of resources and finances encouraged people to use local and easily accessible construction building materials. Locally sourced materials would reduce carbon footprint and limit energy consumption. And this is precisely how those ethnic communities were able to put a step forward toward sustainability.

Vernacular architecture has a climate-responsive approach to its design. It is ecological, economical and has withstood the test of time. Such design strategies establish a connection between the inhabitants and the natural environment. Even in these times of modern technology and urbanization, design industry professionals still seek out ways to achieve more energy-efficient solutions. Vernacular Architecture was truly way ahead of its time and deserves its share of recognition.